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Journal of Environmental Health Science... Dec 2021The cyclocopolymerization of ,-diallylglycine hydrochloride, maleic acid and 1,1,4,4-tetraallylpiperazinium dichloride afforded a cross-linked polyzwitterionic acid,...
The cyclocopolymerization of ,-diallylglycine hydrochloride, maleic acid and 1,1,4,4-tetraallylpiperazinium dichloride afforded a cross-linked polyzwitterionic acid, which, upon treatment with NaOH, gave the corresponding cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte (CAPE) in quantitative yield. The pH-responsive resins contained a high density of CO motifs as well as the chelating motifs of glycine residues. The resin CAPE was found to be a super-adsorbent for the removal of pararosaniline hydrochloride (PRH); having a of 1534 mg/g. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and was found to be a nearly irreversible process as suggested by the parameters obtained from Elovich kinetic model. The resin demonstrated excellent adsorption/desorption efficiencies, thereby ensuring its recycling and reuse in potent applications like remediation of industrial dye-waste water. The resin's chelating motifs were also efficient in the adsorptive removal of Cd(II) ions with a of 248 mg/g. It was also employed for the simultaneous and effective trapping of Cd(II) and the dye from industrial wastewater. The resin's impressive performance accords it a prestigious place among many sorbents in recent works.
PubMed: 34900270
DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00690-1 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Feb 2018Porcelain laminate veneers (PLV) are continued to be popular in modern dental practice due to its high aesthetic outcome and conservative tooth preparation. The...
BACKGROUND
Porcelain laminate veneers (PLV) are continued to be popular in modern dental practice due to its high aesthetic outcome and conservative tooth preparation. The composite resins are commonly used as luting agents for cementation of PLV. Polymerisation shrinkage induced marginal gap and interfacial leakage is the persistent limitation with the resin luting cements. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of various dentin bonding techniques on the microleakage after accelerated ageing in porcelain laminate veneres.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty intact, premolar teeth were prepared to receive the PLV. The lithium disilicate PLV were fabricated from IPS e.max System. The intaglio surfaces were prepared with hydrofluoric acid and silane. Teeth samples were randomly divided among four groups of ten each according to the tooth surface preconditioning; it included etch-wash light cure, etch-wash dual cure, self-etch and self-adhesive techniques. The Teeth samples were subjected to the accelerated ageing with thermocycling and exposure to xenon light. The microleakage was accessed with die penetration test using 0.5% basic fuchsin. The data was statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS
The etch-wash dual cure resin cements recorded the lowest interfacial microleakage score of 0.90 and 0.60 at cervical tooth-composite resin and incisal enamel-composite regions respectively. The highest corresponding values of 3.00 and 1.60 was recorded with self-Adhesive resin luting cements. The microleakage at cervical tooth- composite interface was significantly higher in comparison to incisal enamel-composite interface across all the tested groups. The microleakage values at porcelain-composite interface was considerably less to the tooth- composite interface.
CONCLUSIONS
Etch-wash composite resin luting cements for PLV provided the best bonding interface, with the least interfacial microleakage. Porcelain laminate veneer, Microleakage, Tooth conditioning, Bonding techniques.
PubMed: 29670735
DOI: 10.4317/jced.53954 -
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Feb 2021Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a key factor in the deterioration of cardiac function after coronary microembolization (CME). Nicorandil (NIC) affects myocardial injury,...
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a key factor in the deterioration of cardiac function after coronary microembolization (CME). Nicorandil (NIC) affects myocardial injury, which may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis. However, the specific mechanism of cardioprotection has not been elucidated. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of NIC on cardiac function in rats subjected to CME and its effect on the high-temperature requirement peptidase 2/X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein/poly ADP-ribose polymerase (HtrA2/XIAP/PARP) pathway. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, CME, CME + NIC, and CME + UCF. Echocardiography was performed 9 hours after CME. Myocardial injury markers were evaluated in blood samples, and the heart tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining, hematoxylin basic fuchsin picric acid staining staining, TdT-mediated DUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Western blot analysis of the HtrA2/XIAP/PARP pathway, and transmission electron microscopy. NIC ameliorated cardiac dysfunctioncaused by CME and reduced serum levels of CK-MB and LDH. In addition, NIC decreased myocardial microinfarct size and apoptotic index. NIC reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, levels of cleaved caspase 3/9, cytoplasmic HtrA2, and cleaved PARP, and increased the level of XIAP. The effects of NIC were similar to those of the HtrA2 inhibitor, UCF101. This study demonstrated that NIC reduces CME-induced myocardial injury, reduces mitochondrial damage, and improves myocardial function. The reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis by NIC may be mediated by the HtrA2/XIAP/PARP signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Aorta; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Embolism; Female; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nicorandil; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; Signal Transduction; Rats
PubMed: 33448699
DOI: 10.1002/prp2.699 -
BMC Plant Biology Jan 2021Forest trees have important economic and ecological value. As a model tree, poplar has played a significant role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tree...
BACKGROUND
Forest trees have important economic and ecological value. As a model tree, poplar has played a significant role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tree biology. However, a lack of mutant libraries and time-consuming stable genetic transformation processes severely limit progress into the functional characterization of poplar genes. A convenient and fast transient transformation method is therefore needed to enhance progress on functional genomics in poplar.
METHODS
A total of 11 poplar clones were screened for amenability to syringe infiltration. Syringe infiltration was performed on the lower side of the leaves of young soil-grown plants. Transient expression was evaluated by visualizing the reporters β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). The experimental parameters of the syringe agroinfiltration were optimized based on the expression levels of the reporter luciferase (LUC). Stably transformed plants were regenerated from transiently transformed leaf explants through callus-induced organogenesis. The functions of Populus genes in secondary cell wall-thickening were characterized by visualizing lignin deposition therein after staining with basic fuchsin.
RESULTS
We greatly improved the transient transformation efficiency of syringe Agrobacterium infiltration in poplar through screening for a suitable poplar clone from a variety of clones and optimizing the syringe infiltration procedure. The selected poplar clone, Populus davidiana × P. bolleana, is amenable to Agrobacterium syringe infiltration, as indicated by the easy diffusion of the bacterial suspension inside the leaf tissues. Using this technique, we localized a variety of poplar proteins in specific intracellular organelles and illustrated the protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The transiently transformed leaves could be used to generate stably transformed plants with high efficiency through callus induction and differentiation processes. Furthermore, transdifferentiation of the protoxylem-like vessel element and ectopic secondary wall thickening were induced in the agroinfiltrated leaves via the transient overexpression of genes associated with secondary wall formation.
CONCLUSIONS
The application of P. davidiana × P. bolleana in Agrobacterium syringe infiltration provides a foundation for the rapid and high-throughput functional characterization of Populus genes in intact poplar plants, including those involved in wood formation, and provides an effective alternative to Populus stable genetic transformation.
Topics: Agrobacterium; Cell Wall; Genes, Reporter; Lignin; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Populus; Syringes; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 33478390
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02833-w -
RSC Advances Nov 2023A carboxylatopillar[5]arene-embellished (CP5) magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite (MGO@CP5) was smoothly constructed a mild layer-by-layer method. The morphology,...
A carboxylatopillar[5]arene-embellished (CP5) magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite (MGO@CP5) was smoothly constructed a mild layer-by-layer method. The morphology, structure, and surface characteristics of this nanocomposite was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, zeta potential, and other techniques. Benefiting from a high capture ability for small molecules of CP5 as a supramolecular host molecule, along with a negative surface charge and large surface area of MGO@CP5, this nanocomposite exhibits an ultrafast, efficient adsorption property for representative cationic dyes: methylene blue (MB) and basic fuchsin (BF). The removal efficiency of MB and BF can reach nearly 99% within 3 min, while the maximum adsorption capacity of the two dyes reaches 240 mg g for MB and 132 mg g for BF. Furthermore, owing to excellent magnetic responsiveness from the tight loading of FeO nanoparticles on graphene oxide, MGO@CP5 could be easily and magnetically separated, regenerated, and reused four times without an evident reduction in the removal efficiency (>95%). Impressively, the adsorption property of MGO@CP5 reveals a strong tolerance to pH changes and ionic strength interference, which renders it a promising adsorbent in the field of water treatment.
PubMed: 38024976
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07124c -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024Glicophyllum is well supported, presenting four homoplasies, easily differentiated from the other genera of the clade due to characteristics related to the reproductive...
Glicophyllum is well supported, presenting four homoplasies, easily differentiated from the other genera of the clade due to characteristics related to the reproductive organs, which can make the identification of their species difficult when they are not in the reproductive phase. Therefore, there are provided the leaf anatomical and morphological description of the leaf glands of seven species of Glicophyllum to assist in the identification of their species. The samples for the study were obtained from several national and international herbaria, sectioned freehand, stained with basic fuchsin - astra blue and compared through a binary matrix using the Sorensen's coefficient in the MVSP software. Among the leaf anatomical characters found, the following stand out: presence/absence of trichomes; petiole contour; contour of the main vein; organization of the mesophyll, presence/absence of bundle sheath extension and the surface of the glands. In this study, an identification key with leaf anatomical data is presented for the first time, demonstrating the applicability of leaf anatomy for the taxonomy of Glicophyllum. In the multivariate analysis, it is observed that the characteristics of leaf venation and topology of the glands are more representative to differentiate the taxa. Therefore, the data obtained can support future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the genus.
Topics: Plant Leaves; Brazil; Malpighiaceae; Species Specificity
PubMed: 38747833
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230207 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Nov 2015The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in coronary micro-embolism...
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in coronary micro-embolism (CME)-induced inflammatory responses and cardiac dysfunction in a porcine model. Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 per group). Micro-embolization balls or saline were infused through a microcatheter in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in the CME and Sham groups, respectively. PDCD4 siRNA or control siRNA mixed with transfection reagent was infused via the LAD artery 72 h before CME induction in the CME + siRNA-PDCD4 and siRNA-control groups, respectively. Cardiac function was evaluated with ultrasound. Tissue biopsy was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and hematoxylin basic fuchsin picric acid (HBFP) to measure infarction area. Myocardial PDCD4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. NF-κB activity was evaluated in gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Echocardiographic parameters showed that compared with the sham group, the CME group had impaired heart function, manifested as systolic dysfunction and left ventricular dilatation (reduced left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], left ventricular fractional shortening [FS], and cardiac output [CO] [P < 0.05] and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [LVEDd] [P < 0.05]). Compared with the CME group, the CME + siRNA-PDCD4 group had attenuated CME-induced cardiac function damage (increased LVEF, FS and CO [P < 0.05] and reduced LVEDd [P < 0.05]). Compared with the sham group, the CME group had significantly increased PDCD4 and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression and increased NF-κB activity (P < 0.05). These effects were significantly inhibited in the CME + siRNA-PDCD4 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, PDCD4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation is an important mechanism for CME-induced cardiac dysfunction, suggesting that inhibition of PDCD4/NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of CME.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Biopsy; Cardiac Output; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Embolism; Female; Inflammation; Male; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; NF-kappa B; Picrates; RNA, Small Interfering; RNA-Binding Proteins; Signal Transduction; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 25769315
DOI: 10.1177/1535370215573400 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2021Coronary microembolization (CME) commonly develops as a complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and associated inflammation is a leading driver of...
Coronary microembolization (CME) commonly develops as a complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and associated inflammation is a leading driver of myocardial damage. Cardiomyocyte loss in the context of ischemic myocardial disease has been linked to inflammatory pyroptotic cell death. Additionally, miR-200a-3p dysregulation has been linked to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and many other pathological conditions. However, how miR-200a-3p impacts cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in the context of CME remains to be assessed. Herein, a rat model of CME was established via the injection of microembolic spheres into the left ventricle. When myocardial tissue samples from these rats were analyzed, miR-200a-3p levels were markedly decreased, whereas thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) levels were increased. The ability of miR-200a-3p to directly target TXNIP and to control its expression was confirmed via dual-luciferase reporter assay. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-pre-miR-200a-3p (AAV-miR-200a-3p) construct transfection was then employed as a means of upregulating this miRNA in CME model rats. Subsequent assays, including echocardiography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting revealed that miR-200a-3p overexpression inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and alleviated CME-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting the TXNIP/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway. The ability of miR-200a-3p to protect against CME-induced myocardial injury thus highlights a novel approach to preventing or treating such myocardial damage in clinical settings.
PubMed: 34422922
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.693257 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Jan 2011Rachises of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) clusters that appeared healthy or displayed symptoms of the ripening disorders berry shrivel (BS) or bunch-stem necrosis (BSN) were...
Rachises of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) clusters that appeared healthy or displayed symptoms of the ripening disorders berry shrivel (BS) or bunch-stem necrosis (BSN) were treated with the cellular viability stain fluorescein diacetate and examined by confocal microscopy. Clusters with BS and BSN symptoms experienced a decrease of cell viability throughout the rachis, and their berries contained 70-80% less sugar than healthy berries. The xylem-mobile dye basic fuchsin, infiltrated via the cut base of shoots with one healthy and one BS cluster, moved to all berries on the healthy cluster but generally failed to move into the peduncle of the BS cluster. Peduncle girdling did not interrupt dye movement in the xylem, but stopped solute accumulation in berries and led to berry shrinkage. In contrast, surgically destroying the peduncle xylem at the onset of ripening did not affect berry growth and solute accumulation. These results indicate that cessation of sugar and water accumulation in BS and BSN is associated with phloem death in the rachis. Although xylem flow to the berries may also cease, a functional xylem connection to the shoot may not be required for normal ripening, while water loss from berries by transpiration and xylem efflux may explain the characteristic berry shrinkage that is associated with these ripening disorders. The similarity of internal tissue breakdown in BS and BSN rachises and the correlation observed here between the proportion of shrinking berries on a cluster and the severity of rachis necrosis suggest that there may be a gradual transition between the two ripening disorders. Seeds from healthy and BS clusters showed no differences in colour, morphology, weight, viability, and ability to germinate, which indicates that the disorder may not appear until seeds are mature.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cell Survival; Plant Diseases; Vitis; Water
PubMed: 21071679
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq355 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2021To evaluate the microleakage of metallic copings luted with three different commercially available luting cements.
AIM
To evaluate the microleakage of metallic copings luted with three different commercially available luting cements.
SETTING AND DESIGN
Comparative evaluation in vitro study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty replicas of abutment analog were milled and divided into 3 groups. Nickel chromium copings were fabricated; marginal gap was evaluated with optical microscope and luted with Zinc Oxide Non Eugenol cement, Zinc Polycarboxylate cement and Zinc Phosphate cement. After Thermocycling, cemented specimens were placed into 0.5% aqueous solution of basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours for dye penetration. Copings were longitudinally sectioned and microleakage scores were evaluated.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Chi-Square test. Pairwise comparison of groups with Mann Whitney U test.
RESULT
Mean microleakage score was least for Zinc Phosphate cement (1.075 ± 0.85) followed by Zinc Polycarboxylate cement (1.80± 0.23) and most for Zinc Oxide Non Eugenol (2.1± 0.37). The results of the study were statistically significant, P < 0.05.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of the study, it was found that all cements exhibited certain amount of microleakage. Zinc Phosphate cement exhibited a mean microleakage score that was significantly lower than Zinc Oxide Non Eugenol cement and Zinc Polycarboxylate cement. When microleakage scores of Zinc Oxide Non Eugenol cement and Zinc Polycarboxylate cement were compared, the difference was found to be insignificant indicating that microleakage in these cements is similar.
Topics: Cementation; Glass Ionomer Cements; Polycarboxylate Cement; Resin Cements; Zinc Phosphate Cement
PubMed: 33835069
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_19_20